Accounting Question

1. Enron & Lehman Brothers (Fraud Triangle Application)
   • Compare the motivations of Enrons executives to those of Lehman Brothers leaders using the Fraud Triangle framework. Which element (Pressure, Opportunity, or Rationalization) do you think played the biggest role in each case? Why?
2. ZZZZ Best & Just For Feet (Auditor Responsibility)
   • Both cases involved failures by auditors. Based on auditing standards discussed in Contemporary Auditing (Knapp), identify two red flags that auditors missed in each case and explain what audit procedures could have uncovered the fraud.
3. Bernie Madoffs Ponzi Scheme (Investor Red Flags)
   • Madoffs fraud lasted for decades despite several warning signs. Describe two financial indicators that should have raised concerns for investors and explain why they were overlooked.
4. Golden Bear Golf (Corporate Governance & Ethics)
   • Golden Bear Golf relied on celebrity branding and investor confidence. How did weak corporate governance allow fraud to persist in this case? What changes in oversight might have prevented this fraud?

Please answer each of the following essay questions. Responses should be 1-2 pages each with proper APA citations.

1. Custom Fraud Scenario (Enron & Lehman Brothers Application)
   • You are a forensic accountant investigating a company suspected of using accounting gimmicks similar to Enrons mark-to-market accounting and Lehman Brothers Repo 105 transactions. Describe the specific signs you would look for in the financial statements and explain what questions you would ask management.
2. Auditing in the Digital Age (Madoff & ZZZZ Best Comparison)
   • If Bernie Madoff and Barry Minkow (ZZZZ Best) had access to modern cryptocurrency markets and blockchain technology, how might they have altered their fraud schemes? Would todays auditors be better equipped to catch them? Why or why not?
3. Regulatory Impacts & Preventative Measures (SOX & Post-2008 Reforms)
   • How did the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) impact financial reporting after the Enron scandal? Based on what you learned from Lehman Brothers and Just For Feet, do you think current regulations are enough to prevent future frauds? Explain why or why not.
4. Whistleblower Dilemmas & Ethical Decision-Making (Enron & Just For Feet Application)
   • You are an internal accountant at a publicly traded company and have uncovered evidence that revenue figures are being fraudulently inflated, similar to the tactics used in Just For Feet and Enron. You are concerned that reporting this issue internally could cost you your job, and you are unsure whether regulators will take action if you go public.
   • In your response:
     • Describe the ethical considerations and risks of speaking up.
     • Identify whistleblower protection laws that could protect you.
     • Explain how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) would impact your decision.
5. Fraudulent Loan Collateral & Banking Risks (Golden Bear Golf & Lehman Brothers Application)
   • You are a risk manager for a major investment bank that is considering issuing a large loan to a well-known sports celebritys new business venture. After reviewing the companys financials, you notice that their revenues are primarily based on aggressive future projections and questionable asset valuationssimilar to issues in the Golden Bear Golf and Lehman Brothers cases.
   • In your response:
     • Identify the red flags that would make you hesitant to approve the loan.
     • Explain how asset overstatement and improper loan collateralization led to financial instability in Golden Bear Golf.
     • Discuss how investment banks, such as Lehman Brothers, collapsed due to risky lending and over-leveraged financial positions.
6. Investor Trust & Fraudulent Business Models (ZZZZ Best & Bernie Madoff Application)

• You are a fraud examiner hired to investigate an investment firm that claims to generate consistent, above-market returns, similar to Bernie Madoffs strategy. Meanwhile, another company you are investigating has built its reputation on a rapidly growing business model that depends on aggressive revenue recognition, similar to ZZZZ Best.
• In your response:
  • Compare the red flags present in each type of fraud scheme (Ponzi vs. Phantom Revenue).
  • Explain the due diligence procedures you would use to verify the legitimacy of both companies.
  • Describe at least two fraud detection techniques that could have been used to uncover these schemes earlier
  • Reference
  • Contemporary Auditing, 12 Edition. Cengage Learning. Knapp, M.C., 2022. ISBN 9780357515402