Writing Question

The use of digital assessment tools by InformationTechnology teachers (PE86).

AI tools may be used to support the writing of the thesis; however, their use must be appropriate and careful. The text should be coherent, without unnecessary repetition, and supported by accurate and relevant academic references. Proper citation and integration of the literature are essential throughout the writing process.

The SPSS analysis must be conducted according to the instructions provided below.

You may translate the Excel file into English and use the literature review that I have already sent you as the basis for the theoretical framework.

Here is a summary of the data analysis process according to the professors instructions:

At the beginning of the research, we can analyze the questionnaire we used and indicate from which studies each question was derived (this will also help expand the written content of the thesis).

Before interpreting any results, we should briefly explain what kind of results will be presented. For example, before presenting the factor analysis, we should explain based on the literature why factor analysis is used and which statistical values help interpret the results. This will also help increase the word count and incorporate more references.

Factor analysis will be conducted separately for each section of the questionnaire:

• Technology and pedagogical knowledge
• Digital assessment practices
• Advantages / benefits of digital assessment
• Disadvantages / barriers to digital assessment

For the last section, Disadvantages / Barriers to digital assessment, factor analysis divides the questions into two factors.

For section 5, I received the following instruction from the professor because the questionnaire responses did not produce the expected results:
Split the factor into two sub-factors as indicated by the initial factor analysis. Calculate Cronbachs alpha using all seven variables; the value is 0.709.

After that, I was instructed to name:

• the first four questions of the first factor as Disadvantages
• the remaining three questions of the second factor as Barriers,
  since this is how the section is titled in the questionnaire.

In summary, factor analysis will be conducted separately for each questionnaire section (excluding demographic data).
In sections 2, 3, and 4, one factor will be created, while in section 5, two factors will be created, as shown in the analysis output.

Further analyses will be conducted based on the factors created, except for Cronbachs alpha, which will be calculated for the total number of questions in each questionnaire section. For example, in section 5, all seven questions will be used.

Next, I was instructed to divide the last factor into two research questions. So far, in the literature we have:

Research Question 4 (RQ4):
What barriers do PE86 teachers face when implementing digital assessment?

This will be split into:

Research Question 4A (RQ4A):
What disadvantages do PE86 teachers perceive in the implementation of digital assessment?
(first factor of section 5)

Research Question 4B (RQ4B):
What barriers do PE86 teachers face in implementing digital assessment?
(second factor of section 5)

Additionally, I was told to analyze Research Question 5 from the literature:

Research Question 5 (RQ5):
What is the relationship between PE86 teachers self-efficacy and the digital assessment practices they implement?

However, neither the professor nor I were able to clearly understand how this relates to the questionnaire items. I was told that if I find a way to connect it, I should proceed; otherwise, I should modify it and create a new research question.

If you are able to connect it, that would be ideal; otherwise, we may need to develop a new research question.

IMPORTANT: If possible, I would like you to send me the .sav file generated by SPSS for each analysis, in case I am asked to provide them later.